1. Evaṃ me sutaṃ— Thus have I heard— The standard opening formula of the early discourses, indicating the text comes from the oral tradition (usually attributed to Ānanda). 1.1 Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena vel̤udvāraṃ nāma kosalānaṃ brāhmaṇagāmo tadavasari. On one occasion, the Blessed One, while wandering on tour in the Kosala country with a large community of monks, arrived at a Brahmin village of the Kosalans named Veludvāra. The Buddha is on a teaching journey, accompanied by many monks, and stops at this specific village. 1.2 assosuṃ kho te vel̤udvāreyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā: The Brahmin householders of Veludvāra heard (this): The local laypeople receive news of the Buddha’s arrival. 1.3 “samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ vel̤udvāraṃ anuppatto. Indeed, sirs, the ascetic Gotama, the son of the Sakyans, who went forth from the Sak...
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